RANA SHEO AMBAR SINGH Vs. ALLAHABAD BANK LIMITED

JUDGEMENT

(1.) This appeal by cerficate raises the simple question whether certain trees, said to be part of a grove, are included in grove-land, which, under S. 6 (a) (i) of the U. P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 (hereinafter referred to as the Act), vests in the State of Uttar Pradesh free from all encumbrances. This very question was raised by the respondent decree-holder in the execution proceedings in this very case between the same parties which came to this Court on an earlier occasion. We have perused the judgment of this Court in the case reported in (1962) 2 SCR 441. We find that the position taken by the respondent decree holder then also was that, after the coming into force of the Act, what could still be sold in execution of the decree was the right in trees of groves as these continued to vest in the intermediary. This Court rejected that submission and held that after vesting of all the rights mentioned in S. 6 of the Act in the State of Uttar Pradesh, new bhumidhari rights came into existence under S. 18 of the Act. It also held that the only way, in which a mortgagee could enforce his right against the mortgagor after the Act came into force is provided in S. 6 (h) of the Act, read with S. 73 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882. so that nothing more than the compensation awarded to the intermediary could be proceeded against by the mortgagee.

(2.) We are surprised that even after that decision which, according to the appellant judgment debtor, constitutes a complete answer to any further execution proceedings in respect of any part of bhumidhari rights execution should have proceeded against trees in groves and the view taken by the execution court. that there is a distinction between trees and a grove and groveland, should have been upheld by a Division Bench of the Allahabad High Court (Lucknow Bench). We find that it is impossible for us to accept this opinion in view of the definition of the intermediary's grove under S. 3 (13) of the Act, which says:"intermediary's grove means grove-land held or occupied by an intermediary as such. This means that grove-land and an "intermediary's grove are equated. And groves are only collections of trees in plots of land so as to preclude cultivation in them. The uncut trees are deemed to be parts of the land.

(3.) S. 18 (1) (a) of the Act provides that an "intermediary's grove is bhumidhari property. Rights in it are parts of bhumidhari rights. After those clear words of the enactment, we think it is not necessary even to consider previous definitions or to make out specious or unrealistic distinctions between standing uncut trees. which are parts of groves. and groves and grove-land. The proposition is well settled under the general law, that trees, before they are cut, form parts of land. And, an inseparable part is always included in the whole. In view of this very clear legal position, we allow this appeal and set aside the judgments and decrees of the High Court and the Execution Court with costs.