Sharma, J. - (1.) THIS is a reference under sec, 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure by the Additional Sessions Judge Bundi recommending that the composite order of the Magistrate 1st Class Patan in Bundi District be quashed. A complaint was made by the opposite party Raj Mal under sec. 145 and 107 of the Code of Criminal Procedure that the field known as Bambulwala No. 620 situated in Chhoti Godoli was in his ownership and actual possession but the applicant Bhairon Bux and others prevented him from ploughing and sowing the field. The applicants were using force and there was apprehension of breach of peace. The possession of the opposite party be declared and ratained over the field and the applicants be ordered to furnish security for keeping peace.
(2.) THE learned Magistrate sent this application of the opposite party to police for report and on receipt of the report he made an order that the cause be registered under sec. 107 and 145 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and the accused Bhairon Bux and others be given notice to show cause why they should not be called upon to furnish two sureties each in the sum of Rs. 350/- each and execute personal bonds in the amount of Rs. 700/- for keeping the peace for one year and not to trespass upon the field during the said period. After recording the evidence of the parties the learned Magistrate made the final order on the 7th January, 1950 which when translated into English runs as follows : - (1) It is declared that Raj Mal shall retain possession over the field Bambulwala No. 620 area 36 Bighas and 4 Biswas situated in village Chhoti Godoli till such time as he is evicted in due course. (2) The accused shall not interfere with the possession of the applicant Raj Mal. (3) The accused shall at once deliver the possession of the field in dispute to the applicant Raj Mal otherwise the applicant shall be delivered possession through court. (4) The accused Bhiron Bux and Sukh Dev shall furnish two sureties each in the sum of Rs. 250/- each for keeping the peace for one year and for not trespassing upon the field in dispute for that period and for not quarrelling or breaking the peace. In case of non-compliance they will have to undergo one year's simple imprisonment. The learned Sessions Judge has held that first of all such composite orders are illegal; secondly he says that there was no preliminary order as required by sec. 145 (1) of the Criminal Code of Procedure and in the absence of it the Magistrate had no jurisdiction to proceed under sec. 145. The learned counsel for the applicant has adopted the argument given by the learned Sessions Judge in his order of reference and has relied upon the rulings reported in Lakhpat vs. Mt. Maharana and others (A. I. R. 1947 Oudh Page 159) and Farid Imambux and others vs. Piru Kouro and others (A. I. R. 1914 Sind Page 8 ). In the Oudh ruling it has been held that under sec. 145 it is mandatory upon the Magistrate to record the grounds of his belief. If without giving any reasons and without even stating that he is satisfied that there is any apprehension of a breach of the peace the Magistrate passes an order under sec. 145 (1) the order is without jurisdiction. In Sind Ruling it was held that it is very undesirable to combine proceedings under sec. 107 with proceedings under sec. 145 against both opposing parties in the same proceedings under sec. 107. There can be no doubt, that in matters relating to possession, the Magistrate has jurisdiction only when there is a danger of the breach of peace. It has been provided in sec. 145 (1) that whenever a District Magistrate, Sub-Divisional Magistrate or Magistrate of the First Class is satisfied that a dispute likely to cause a breach of the peace exists concerning any land or water etc. he shall make an order in writing stating the grounds of his being so satisfied and requiring the parties concerned in such dispute to attend his court in person or by pleader within a time to be fixed by such Magistrate, and to put in writing statements of their respective claims as respect the fact of actual possession of the subject of dispute. On a perusal of the file I find that there is absolutely no order whatsoever to this effect. In the absence of such an order the learned Magistrate had no jurisdiction to proceed under sec. 145. The essence of the proceedings under sec. 145 is preliminary order under sub-sec. 1. When it is wanting the proceedings are illegal. The order of the Magistrate so far as it concerns the possession of the field is therefore, likely to be set aside and is quashed. So far as that portion of the order is concerned which relates to the furnishing of the securities, such order could not be made under sec. 145. If the Magistrate wanted to proceed under sec. 107 he ought to have taken separate proceedings under the said section. The procedure in case of dispute relating to immovable property under sec. 145 is quite different from the procedure in security proceedings under sec. 107. Both the proceedings should not, therefore, be combined and if the Magistrate considers it necessary to proceed both under sec. 107 as well as sec. 145 he should start separate proceedings according to law. Reference is accepted, the order of the learned Magistrate Patan dated the 7th January, 1950 is set aside and he is directed to proceed in accordance with law if he still thinks that proceedings are necessary against the applicant Bhairon Bux and others. . ;