SHARMA, J. - (1.) PROCEEDINGS for the acquisition of surplus lands initiated against the petitioner under Chapter III B of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 (for short the `Old Ceiling Law') and the Rajasthan Tenancy (Fixation of Ceiling on Lands) Government Rules, 1963 (for short the "Old Ceiling Rules") were dropped on March 31, 1975. However, the case was reopened in view of Section 15(2) of the Rajasthan Imposition of Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings Act, 1973 (for short the `New Ceiling Law'). Vide order dated January 29, 1986, the Additional Collector Ceiling Kota (for short the ACC) observed that the standard acres of 84 Bighas of land held by the petitioner were equivalent to 45.81 standard acres and the petitioner was entitled to retain only 40 standard acres, thus 5.81 standard acres of land were declared as surplus. After unsuccessful appeal in the Board of Revenue (for short the BOR) the petitioner has preferred the instant writ petition seeking quashing of the orders passed by the ACC and BOR.
(2.) I have heard Mr. Sanjay Mehrishi learned counsel for the petitioner and scanned the reply of the respondents and other material on record. The ACC was to determine the ceiling area and the surplus area afresh after taking into consideration the fact whether the lands of the petitioner's khatedari were situated in Chambal Command area on April 1, 1966 or not. The petitioner in the reply filed before the ACC averred thus- (i) one bigha and 16 biswas of his khatedari land was acquired in connection with the digging of the canal and 4 bigha and 13 biswas had been taken in catchment i.e. land development. (ii) On the appointed day (i.e. on April 1, 1966) there were seven members in the family of the petitioner. Since the lands held by him were not irrigated by canal and the petitioner was entitled to retain 40 standard acres of land in view of number of his family members, the lands held by him were not in excess of the ceiling area applicable to him. The ACC in the order dated January 29, 1986 held that the lands held by the petitioner situated in villages Champa-ka-khera and Dhansuri of Tehsil Digod, the villages of first group within the Chambal Command Area as such the standard acres of 84 bighas of land held by the petitioner were equivalent to 45.81 standard acres out of which the petitioner was allowed to retain 40 standard acres only and 5.81 standard acres of lands were declared surplus. Assailing the order of the ACC before the BOR the petitioner contended that the ACC did not deduct the land measuring 4 bighas 13 biswas which had been taken away for the purposes of land development. The ACC took the lands held by the petitioner, situated in Chambal Command Area solely on the basis of Tehsil report without reference to the Annual records of the said lands. The BOR however, did not agree and dismissed the appeal on October 12, 1987. From the material on record it appears that the soil classification of the lands held by the petitioner is entered as Mal III, Bir I Barani II, Barani Soyam III Mal III, Barani I, Jav- Mal III and Mal III in the annual registers that were current on April 1, 1966. Indisputably the said lands could not be taken as `Nehari' and could not be considered under item I of the Schedule as irrigated. The Division Bench of this Court in Ram Pratap and others vs. State of Rajasthan and others (1), indicated that ceiling area is to be computed by converting ordinary acres into standard acres of land in accordance with and in a manner laid down under Rule 19 of the `Old Ceiling Rules' on the basis of assessment circles and crops formed and deemed to have been formed under Section 149 of the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act, 1956. The classification of land is to be taken as it existed on April 1, 1966.
(3.) UNDENIABLY all lands in Rajasthan are not similarly situated as productive capacity differs from place to place looking to the irrigation facilities and soil condition and other prescribed particulars. Conjoint reading of Sections 148 and 149 of the Rajasthan Land Revenue Act demonstrates that assessment circles have been made on the basis of irrigation facilities, standard of cultivation expenses of cultivation and the cost of cultivator in maintaining himself and his family, existence of markets in the vicinity of the area means of communication and improvements, size of holding and extent of indebtedness. Standard acres of the holdings of a persons have to be calculated strictly as per the principles laid down in Sec. 30-C of the `Old Ceiling Law' and Rule 19 read with Appendix `A' of the `Old Ceiling Rules'. Mere fact that the land is situated in Chambal Command Area by itself is not sufficient to take the said land as irrigated or `Nehari'. It can only be taken as `Nehari' if it was entered as such in the Annual Registers. If the class of lands is not entered as Nehari in the Annual registers on April 1, 1966, the standard acres of the said lands shall be determined according to the soil classification as entered in the Annual Registers current of April 1, 1966. Both the courts below have overlooked this legal aspect that the ceiling area is to be computed according to the soil classification entered in the Annual Registers on the appointed date i.e. April 1, 1966 in accordance with the Old Ceiling Law and Rules. Only on the basis of report dated August 11, 1985 of the Tehsildar that the lands held by the petitioner were situated in Chambal Command Area and were irrigated by Canal, the standard acres of 84 bighas of land held by the petitioner were declared equivalent to 45.81 standard acres out of which the petitioner was allowed to retain 40 standard acres only and 5.81 standard acres of lands were declared surplus. It also appears from the material on record that the lands measuring 4 bighas and 13 biswas taken by the State Government for land development was not considered while allowing deduction. The discussion leads to the inescapable conclusion that the impugned orders are arbitrary and wholly erroneous. ;