- (1.) THESE eight connected revisions raise common questions of fact and law and may be disposed of by the same judgment. The above revisions arise out of complaints filed by one Hira Lal, opposite party, under section 207 of the Indian Companies Act against the first applicant, Sri Hanuman Prasad Gupta, director in charge, M/s. Iron Traders Private Ltd., and the second applicant, Sri Wisakha Singh, the managing director. The opposite party is admittedly a shareholder of the company aforesaid. His case was that he had not been paid divident which has been declared by the company during the years in question and, therefore, the applicants were liable to be punished. The complaints were filed in the court of Magistrate, First Class, at Meerut. After examining the complainant, the magistrate issued summons for the attendance of the accused under section 204(I), Criminal Procedure Code. The applicants made an application disputing the jurisdiction of the Meerut Court to take cognisance of the offence. They contended that as the registered office of the company was situate in Delhi and the failure to pay divident or to post warrants of payments in respect thereof to the shareholders occurred at Delhi, the Meerut court had no jurisdiction to try the case. The Magistrate repelled the objection and held that as the payment of divident had to be made at the registered address of the shareholder, which in the instant case was at Meerut the Meerut court was competent to entertain the complaints. The Sessions Judge affirmed the order of the Magistrate and hence the revisions. Sri P.C.Chaturvedi, learned counsel for the applicants, contended that the Meerut court had no jurisdiction to entertain the complaints because the payment of divident was to be made in the manner provided in section 207 of the Companies Act. That section, according to him, required payment the divident to the shareholder within 42 days from the date of declaration of dividends by posting warrants in respect of the dividends within the said period. Since the posting of the warrant had to be done at Delhi, that court alone was competent to entertain the complaints.
(2.) IN order to appreciate the contention made by the learned counsel, it is necessary to set out the provisions of section 207, which are as follow; "Where a divident has been declared by a company but has not been paid, or the warrant in respect thereof has not been posted, within 42days from the date of the declaration, to any shareholder entitled to the payment of the divident, every director of the company, its managing agent or secretaries and treasurers........ shall, if he is knowingly a party to the default, be punishable with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to 7 days and shall also be liable to fine." The section involves two things: firstly, that the divident declared by the company had not been paid to the shareholder and, secondly, that the warrant in respect of the divident had not been posted to the shareholder within the prescribed period. The mode in which payment may be made is set out in section 205 which requires that the divident should be sent by cheque or warrant to the registered address of the shareholder entitled to receive payment.The provisions of article 132 of the memorandum and the articles of association of the company are also to the same effect. The question arises: when is an offence committed under section 207? The section says that an offence is committed"when a divident is declared by a company but it has not been paid." Therefore, the gist of the offence is non-payment of divident to a shareholder. The question of its non-payment cas arise only when it is not delivered to or received by him. If, however, a cheque or warrant is delivered directly to a shareholder it would constitute payment thereof. In that event there will be no need to post a cheque or warrant to him. It is only when payment is not made directly to a shareholder that the necessity of sending a cheque or warrant by registered address would arise, it being one of the steps which a company is required to take in order to ensure payment of the divident. It follows that where a company has not adopted any of these methods, it will be a legitimate inference that it has committed a default in the payment of divident. It would thus appear that what is made punishable is not the omission on the part of the company or its directors to post a cheque or warrant but the consequence of its inaction in taking necessary action in that behalf.On this reasoning, the venue for the purpose of trial would be the place where non-payment occurs. In normal circumstances, that place would be no other than the place given in the registered address supplied by the shareholder to the company.
(3.) THE learned counsel submitted that the statute merely required the company to post a cheque or warrant to the registered address of a shareholder and that, since this had to be done at Delhi where the registered office of the company was situate, the jurisdiction of the Meerut Court to entertain the complaint was ousted. The argument, in my opinion, is not well founded.The object behind the statute is to ensure prompt payment of a divident to a shareholder. That payment may be made to him directly or it may be made by sending a cheque or warrant to his registered address. If a shareholder complains that he has not received payment, he is entitled to proceed against the company and its directors by filing a complaint at the place where he resides, because the law demands that payment should have been made to him there. It was next urged that the averments in the complaint do not make out a case under section 207 in that there was no allegation that the company had not posted the divident warrant within the prescribed period to the complainant. In the absence of any such allegation, so it was argued, the complaint was liable to be thrown out and the prosecution deserved to be quashed. It is no part of the duty of the complainant to assert- which indeed it may well nigh be difficult for him to do-that the company had not posted a cheque or warrant to him within the prescribed time. If a shareholder has not received payment of divident, he is justified in saying that it has been withheld by the company. No doubt, it may still be open to the company or its directors to plead that they had taken legitimate steps to post a cheque or divident warrant to the registered address of the shareholder in order to prove their bona fides and to show that they had acted according to law. But this cannot in any way affect the jurisdiction of the court to entertain the complaint.;