BHAGWATI, J.: - (1.) THE Judgment of the court was delivered by:
(2.) THESE two appeals with certificates under Art. 133 (1) (c) of the Constitution are directed against a judgment of the High court of Judicature in Assam dismissing the appellants' application under Art. 226 challenging the orders of the first respondent Shri B. L. Sen, Deputy Commissioner, Sibsagar, whereby he allowed the applications filed on behalf of the labourers employed in the Teok Tea Estate and the Dalim Tea Estate under section 20 of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (Act XI of 1948), hereinafter referred to as the Act. On 11/03/1952, the government of Assam, in exercise of the powers conferred by s. 3 read with sub-s. (2) of s. 5 of the Act issued the following notification: ` No. GLR. 352/51/56.-In exercise of the powers conferred by section 3 read with Ss. (2) of section 5 of the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 (XI of 1948), as amended, the governor of Assam, having considered the advice of the committee appointed under clause (a) of Ss. (1) of section 5 of the said Act, is pleased to fix minimum wages, which will come into force with effect from the 30/03/1952, consisting of basic wages and dearness allowance in terms of clause (1) of Ss. 1 of section 4 of the said Act, at the rates as specified in the schedule hereto annexed payable to employees employed in tea plantations in the different districts of Assam. 2. These rates are exclusive of concessions enjoyed by the workers in respect of supplies of foodstuffs and other essential commodities and other amenities which will continue unaffected. The existing tasks and hours of work may continue until further orders. SCHEDULE 1. ORDINARY UNSKILLED LABOUR JUDGEMENT_227_AIR(SC)_1957Html1.htm By notification No. GLR. 44/51, dated the 16/04/1952, the said government introduced the Minimum Wages Rules which, inter alia, provided: `Rule 24. Number of hours of work which shall constitute a normal working day.- (1) The number of hours which shall constitute normal working day shall be(a)in the case of an adult, 9 hours; subject to a maximum of 48 hours in a week; ...................................................`
(3.) BY another notification No. GLR. 352/51 dated 12/05/1952, the said government explained that the word ` may ` mentioned in the notification dated 11/03/1952, will have the force of ` shall `. The result was that in cl. (2) of the said notification, the last sentence ran as: `The existing tasks and hours of work shall continue until further orders. Prior to the fixation of the minimum wages (consisting of basic wages and dearness allowance as aforesaid, the labourers engaged in plucking tea leave,% in these tea estates used to be paid basic wages for male labourers at as. 8.00 per day for plucking 16 seers of green leaves and for female labourers at as. 6.00 per day for plucking 12 seers of green leaves. This was the work-load or task in respect of which-the basic wages of as. 8.00 and as. 6.00 respectively were paid to these labourers apart from the dearness allowance in addition to such basic wages. If the labourers plucked larger quantities of green leaves they used to be paid by way of ticca extra wages at the rate of 6 ps. per seer in excess of 16 seers and 12 seers respectively. It may be noted that the payment of basic wages on the above computation also worked out at the rate of 6 ps. per seer of green leaves plucked by the labourers.;