DASHRATH RUPSINGH RATHOD Vs. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA
LAWS(SC)-2014-8-5
SUPREME COURT OF INDIA (FROM: BOMBAY)
Decided on August 01,2014

Dashrath Rupsingh Rathod Appellant
VERSUS
State of Maharashtra And Anr. Respondents


Referred Judgements :-

KAVIRAJ PANDIT DURGA DUTT SHARMA IN BOTH THE APPEALS VS. NAVARATNA PHARMACEUTICAL LABORATORIES IN BOTH THE APPEALS [REFERRED TO]
DWARKA PRASAD VS. DWARKA DAS SARAF [REFERRED TO]
SREENIVASA GENERAL TRADERS UPPALAPEDA VENKATARAMIAH COROMANDAL AGRO PRODUCT AND OIL LIMITED VS. STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH [REFERRED TO]
FRICK INDIA LIMITED VS. UNION OF INDIA [REFERRED TO]
A N SEHGAL VS. RAJE RAM SHEORAN [REFERRED TO]
TRIBHOV AND AS HARIBHAI TAMBOLI VS. GUJARAT REVENUE TRIBUNAL [REFERRED TO]
PATEL ROADWAYS LIMITE0D BOMBAY PATEL ROADWAYS LIMITED BOMBAY VS. PRASAD TRADING COMPANY:TROPICAL AGRO SYSTEMS PRIVATE LIMITED [REFERRED TO]
OIL AND NATURAL GAS COMMISSION VS. UTPAL KUMAR BASU [REFERRED TO]
KERALA STATE HOUSING BOARD VS. RAMAPRIYA HOTELS PRIVATE LIMITED [REFERRED TO]
SOUTH EAST ASIA SHIPPING COMPANY LIMITED VS. NAV BHARAT ENTERPRISES PRIVATE LIMITED [REFERRED TO]
SIL IMPORT USA VS. EXIM AIDES SILK EXPORTERS BANGALORE [REFERRED TO]
K BHASKARAN VS. SANKARAN VAIDHYAN BALAN [OVERRULED]
FORAGE AND COMPANY OF LUSHALA VS. MUNICIPAL CORPN OF GREATER BOMBAY [REFERRED TO]
KUSH SAIGAL VS. M C MITTER [REFERRED TO]
NAVINCHANDRA N MAJITHIA VS. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA [REFERRED TO]
ISHAR ALLOY STEELS LIMITED VS. JAYASWALS NECO LIMITED [REFERRED TO]
ALI M K VS. STATE OF KERALA [REFERRED TO]
OM HEMRAJANI VS. STATE OF U P [REFERRED TO]
PREM CHAND VIJAY KUMAR VS. YASH PAL SINGH [REFERRED TO]
MUSARAF HOSSAIN KHAN VS. BHAGHEERATHA ENGG [REFERRED TO]
C C ALAVI HAJI VS. PALAPETTY MUHAMMED [REFERRED TO]
SHAMSHAD BEGUM VS. B MOHAMMED [REFERRED TO]
HARMAN ELECTRONICS PVT LTD VS. NATIONAL PANASONIC INDIA LTD [REFERRED TO]
KAIRALI MARKETING AND PROCESSING VS. PULLENGADI SERVICE CO OPERATIVE [REFERRED TO]
GOVERNMENT OF THE PROVINCE OF BOMBAY VS. HORMUSJI MANEKJI [REFERRED TO]
MRS LEATHERS VS. S. PALANIAPPAN [REFERRED TO]
M/S. ESCORTS LIMITED VS. RAMA MUKHERJEE [OVERRULED]
FIL INDUSTRIES LIMITED VS. IMTIYAZ AHMED BHAT [OVERRULED]



Cited Judgements :-

KEVIN POWER SOLUTION LTD. AND ORS. VS. STATE OF UTTARAKHAND AND ORS. [LAWS(UTN)-2015-6-47] [REFERRED TO]
RAJESH RASTOGI VS. GIRISH NAYAL [LAWS(UTN)-2018-4-99] [REFERRED TO]
ULTRA TECH CEMENT LTD. VS. RAKESH KUMAR SINGH AND ORS. [LAWS(SC)-2015-4-87] [REFERRED TO]
PREM SAGAR DHINGRA VS. STATE OF UTTARAKHAND [LAWS(UTN)-2024-2-27] [REFERRED TO]
ANKIT GOYAL VS. RAM BILASH SHARMA [LAWS(P&H)-2015-9-438] [REFERRED TO]
M. LOGANATHAN VS. K. S. AMAR [LAWS(KAR)-2023-3-136] [REFERRED TO]
DECCAN CHRONICLES HOLDINGS LTD AND OTHERS VS. RELIGARE FINVEST LTD [LAWS(P&H)-2014-10-313] [REFERRED]
MUNNA KUMAR SINGH VS. UNION OF INDIA [LAWS(MANIP)-2023-7-4] [REFERRED TO]
MARIA RAMESH VS. STATE [LAWS(MAD)-2022-8-165] [REFERRED TO]
K. R. MALIK, SON OF LATE KUZHUKKUM POKKER ABUBAKAR, PROPRIETOR OF SAIRANG DEVELOPER, 501 VS. THE STATE OF JHARKHAND & ANR. [LAWS(JHAR)-2017-8-250] [REFERRED TO]
AUGUSTINE BABU P M VS. SH MOHD SAMIUR RAHMAN ANSARI AND OTHERS [LAWS(KER)-2017-8-151] [REFERRED TO]
K K JOY VS. KERALA STATE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LTD (KSIDC) REPRESENTED BY ITS ASST GENERAL MANAGER & HEAD (LEGAL) [LAWS(KER)-2017-7-160] [REFERRED TO]
NARAYANAN, K.M. AND ANOTHER VS. STATE OF KERALA AND ANOTHER [LAWS(KER)-2017-7-187] [REFERRED TO]
MADHYAMAM BROADCASTING LIMITED VS. ASIANET SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS LTD [LAWS(KER)-2017-12-78] [REFERRED TO]
RATHOD RAMESH VS. RAJU [LAWS(KAR)-2015-1-325] [REFERRED TO]
ARCHIBALD QUADROS VS. LAXMAN SHETTY [LAWS(KAR)-2014-11-119] [REFERRED TO]
K. KUMAR VS. M. NARENDRA PRASAD [LAWS(KAR)-2014-11-232] [REFERRED TO]
NAROTTAM BASTIA VS. STATE OF ORISSA [LAWS(ORI)-2017-8-24] [REFERRED TO]
PRAMILA JANARDAN RANE VS. STATE OF GUJARAT [LAWS(GJH)-2019-11-142] [REFERRED TO]
PANKAJ DAYAL VS. VIJAY K. SONDHI [LAWS(J&K)-2016-2-67] [REFERRED TO]
MIR ENGINEERS & BUILDERS VS. SANJAY DIESELS [LAWS(J&K)-2015-3-24] [REFERRED TO]
SUNIL MANTRI VS. MAHARASHTRA SAVINGS [LAWS(DLH)-2023-9-152] [REFERRED TO]
APPAREL EXPORT PROMOTION COUNCIL VS. COLLAGE CULTURE [LAWS(DLH)-2020-1-7] [REFERRED TO]
MOHAMMAD BASIM MALIK VS. ABDUL HAMEED DAR [LAWS(J&K)-2018-9-64] [REFERRED TO]
RAHUL KUMAR VS. M/S. LINK TELECOM PRIVATE LIMITED [LAWS(CAL)-2022-12-93] [REFERRED TO]
MULCHAND AGRAWAL VS. THE STATE OF JHARKHAND [LAWS(JHAR)-2015-1-5] [REFERRED TO]
NEW DELHI TELE TECH PVT. LTD. VS. CISCO SYSTEMS CAPITAL (INDIA) PVT. LTD. [LAWS(DLH)-2015-1-81] [REFERRED TO]
NEERAV J. SHAH AND ORS. VS. STATE AND ORS. [LAWS(DLH)-2015-3-315] [REFERRED TO]
AGENCY REAL MARGAO PVT. LTD. VS. SUBHASH K. PARAB [LAWS(BOM)-2015-2-65] [REFERRED TO]
HARNEET KAUR, SOLE PROPRIETOR OF GURU DEV CEMENT INDUSTRIES VS. PARAMOUND BUILDWELL CONSTRUCTIONS PVT LTD [LAWS(BOM)-2017-11-430] [REFERRED TO]
SONU KUMAR VS. STATE OF U P [LAWS(ALL)-2014-11-10] [REFERRED TO]
MCNALLY BHARAT ENGINEERING CO LTD VS. MARG LIMITED AND ANOTHER [LAWS(CAL)-2018-4-51] [REFERRED TO]
MINAJ HUSSAIN VS. STATE OF BIHAR [LAWS(PAT)-2018-4-238] [REFERRED TO]
T.C. KHETAN AND ORS. VS. PRAGATI ASSOCIATES AND ORS. [LAWS(P&H)-2015-4-8] [REFERRED TO]
K.R. KANDASAMY VS. V.P. BALASUBRAMANIAM [LAWS(MAD)-2015-7-310] [REFERRED TO]
GOPAL KRISHNA S/O VS. SRINIVASA [LAWS(KAR)-2019-3-87] [REFERRED TO]
GOURI W/O G. RAJA VS. DEVAN HOUSING FINANCE CORPORATION LTD. [LAWS(KAR)-2021-12-6] [REFERRED TO]
ARNAB CHATTERJEE VS. JOGINDER THAKUR [LAWS(HPH)-2017-4-65] [REFERRED TO]
GOPAL RAO VS. MANAGER [LAWS(KAR)-2017-5-55] [REFERRED TO]
M/S. GNANEE BUSINESS CORPORATION, SHIMOGA VS. M/S. AKSHATA MINERALS PVT. LTD., HOSPETE AND OTHERS [LAWS(KAR)-2016-9-21] [REFERRED TO]
TRADEVINT LOGISTICS (INDIA) PVT. LTD. VS. L.A. IBRAHIM SHAH AND ORS. [LAWS(KER)-2015-5-118] [REFERRED TO]
RAJESH MARTIS VS. M. MOHAMMED AND ORS. [LAWS(KER)-2015-6-4] [REFERRED TO]
SARADA VS. RADHAMANI [LAWS(KER)-2017-4-5] [REFERRED TO]
KANNOTHUMKANDY SIRAJ VS. K SUBAIR & ANOTHER [LAWS(KER)-2017-1-165] [REFERRED TO]
E K JALEEL VS. STATE OF KERALA [LAWS(KER)-2017-6-164] [REFERRED TO]
MALARVIZHY VS. A.T.VENKIDACHALAM [LAWS(KER)-2017-6-405] [REFERRED TO]
BHAVYA INDUSTOSTEEL PVT. LTD. AND ORS. VS. SHYAM SULPHER LTD. [LAWS(DLH)-2015-4-398] [REFERRED TO]
FEDERAL EXPRESS CORPORATION VS. FEDEX SECURITIES LTD. [LAWS(DLH)-2017-4-42] [REFERRED TO]
JAIMIN JEWELERY EXPORTS PVT. LTD. AND OTHERS VS. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND ANOTHER [LAWS(BOM)-2017-3-94] [REFERRED TO]
R.M.ASSOCIATES VS. R.P.S MINERAL TRADING COMPANY [LAWS(BOM)-2021-11-306] [REFERRED TO]
BRIJENDRA ENTERPRISE C/O SHAIL ENTERPRISE VS. STATE OF GUJARAT [LAWS(GJH)-2016-3-146] [REFERRED TO]
INDIASIGN P LTD VS. HINDUSTAN BROADCASTING CO P LTD & ANR [LAWS(DLH)-2018-7-650] [REFERRED TO]
GOOD LUCK TRADERS VS. STATE [LAWS(DLH)-2014-12-235] [REFERRED TO]
RAVI DIXIT VS. STATE OF U.P. [LAWS(ALL)-2020-9-75] [REFERRED TO]
S G EXPORTS VS. STATE OF U P AND ANOTHER [LAWS(ALL)-2018-4-287] [REFERRED TO]
SANJAY RAMCHANDRA SHRIKANDE VS. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA [LAWS(BOM)-2014-9-110] [REFERRED TO]
K.K. POLYCOLOR INDIA LTD. VS. GLOBAL TRADE FIN. LTD. [LAWS(SC)-2014-9-37] [REFERRED TO]
M.F. GARMENTS VS. SUN TRADING AND ORS. [LAWS(MAD)-2015-2-384] [REFERRED TO]
SUKU VS. JAGDISH [LAWS(SC)-2014-9-38] [REFERRED TO]
RAVINDRA THAKUR VS. SANDEEP KUMAR [LAWS(HPH)-2023-3-103] [REFERRED TO]
PREMIER ROLLER FLOUR MILLS AND ORS VS. ICICI BANK LTD AND ORS [LAWS(GAU)-2018-7-79] [REFERRED TO]
YOGESH VS. SHAMALAL [LAWS(KAR)-2022-9-391] [REFERRED TO]
FRANCIS T. CHACKO VS. T.K. SAJEEVAN PROPRIETOR [LAWS(KER)-2014-12-112] [REFERRED TO]
SINU PRAKASHAN VS. STATE OF KERALA [LAWS(KER)-2014-8-721] [REFERRED TO]
M/S. PAHARPUR COOLING TOWERS LIMITED VS. STATE OF KERALA [LAWS(KER)-2017-1-30] [REFERRED TO]
K.SUBAIR VS. STATE OF KERALA [LAWS(KER)-2017-7-377] [REFERRED TO]
MUKESHBHAI ISHWARBHAI PRAJAPATI VS. STATE OF GUJARAT [LAWS(GJH)-2014-12-140] [REFERRED TO]
SHRI GURUSHNATHAPPA G. SHIVAJATAPPANAVAR VS. SHRI CHANDRA PRAKASH F. AGARWAL [LAWS(KAR)-2017-7-205] [REFERRED TO]
P. MOHANRAJ VS. M/S. SHAH BROTHERS ISPAT PRIVATE LIMITED [LAWS(SC)-2021-3-10] [REFERRED TO]
P. K. SELVARA VS. UMADEVI SUNDARAM [LAWS(MAD)-2021-3-470] [REFERRED TO]
KRISHNAI HOSPITAL PVT. LTD. VS. STATE OF GUJARAT [LAWS(GJH)-2023-8-69] [REFERRED TO]
G4 GLASS VS. STATE OF GUJARAT [LAWS(GJH)-2015-5-85] [REFERRED TO]
SIDDHARTH EXPORTS VS. KOTAK MAHINDRA BANK LTD. [LAWS(GJH)-2019-9-132] [REFERRED TO]
PAN INDIA MOTORS PVT. LTD. AND ANR. VS. STATE AND ANR. [LAWS(DLH)-2015-4-431] [REFERRED TO]
NAVEEN MALHOTRA VS. STATE (GOVT. OF NCT OF DELHI) AND ORS. [LAWS(DLH)-2015-2-281] [REFERRED TO]
GOYAL MG GASES PVT. LIMITED VS. IND SYNERGY LIMITED [LAWS(DLH)-2017-1-254] [REFERRED TO]
LYKA LABS LIMITED VS. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA [LAWS(BOM)-2023-3-15] [REFERRED TO]
SUNITA TRIPATHI VS. GIRENDRA SINGH SENGAR AND ORS. [LAWS(ALL)-2016-4-56] [REFERRED TO]
JITENDRA GUPTA VS. STATE OF U.P. [LAWS(ALL)-2017-3-169] [REFERRED TO]
M/S. ALLIED MACHINERY & TOOLS CORPORATION VS. STATE OF U.P. [LAWS(ALL)-2017-4-115] [REFERRED TO]
AKASH AGRAWAL VS. STATE OF UP AND ANOTHER [LAWS(ALL)-2018-8-124] [REFERRED TO]
SHIV KUMAR TIWARI VS. STATE OF U.P. AND ORS. [LAWS(ALL)-2015-11-185] [REFERRED TO]
SHIV VEER SINGH BAHADAURIA VS. STATE OF U P AND ANR [LAWS(ALL)-2015-11-276] [REFERRED]
USHA MUTHUKRISHNAN VS. S A S ENGINEERING (P) LTD [LAWS(MAD)-2015-9-449] [REFERRED]
BABITA LILA & ANOTHER VS. UNION OF INDIA [LAWS(SC)-2016-8-55] [REFERRED TO]
MUKESH MOHAN, SON OF LATE MAHENDRA SINGH, RESIDENT OF VILLAGE VS. THE STATE OF BIHAR [LAWS(PAT)-2016-11-24] [REFERRED TO]
ILAKKIA VS. T.UMAMAHESWARAN [LAWS(MAD)-2020-7-470] [REFERRED TO]
ARVIND GUPTA VS. KOMAL PANDEY [LAWS(MPH)-2020-2-123] [REFERRED TO]
BALKOUR SINGH VS. STATE OF PUNJAB [LAWS(P&H)-2023-12-17] [REFERRED TO]
ARUN FRANCIS VS. STATE OF KERALA [LAWS(KER)-2017-1-210] [REFERRED TO]
DHARMASAI VS. B.H. RAMACHANDRA [LAWS(KAR)-2023-1-1158] [REFERRED TO]
VINOD KENI VS. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ROARD [LAWS(DLH)-2023-7-239] [REFERRED TO]
SWARAN KALRA VS. STATE OF H.P. [LAWS(HPH)-2014-10-86] [REFERRED TO]
PETER DEVID XAVIER PINTO VS. DINESH M. RANAWAT [LAWS(BOM)-2014-9-68] [REFERRED TO]
VASANT S GALA VS. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA [LAWS(BOM)-2015-4-182] [REFERRED TO]
ABHISHEK KUMAR VS. STATE OF U.P. & ANOTHER [LAWS(ALL)-2016-5-224] [REFERRED TO]
ANKUSH JAIN VS. STATE OF U P AND ANOTHER [LAWS(ALL)-2016-8-259] [REFERRED]
P.H.I. SEEDS (P) LIMITED VS. STATE OF U.P. AND ORS. [LAWS(ALL)-2015-5-306] [REFERRED TO]
CHAND MOHD. VS. STATE OF U.P. [LAWS(ALL)-2017-5-308] [REFERRED TO]
MANPREET DOAD VS. THE STATE OF WEST BENGAL AND ORS. [LAWS(CAL)-2015-10-17] [REFERRED TO]
A.K.R. TRANSPORT VS. KAMAKSHI SHIPPING [LAWS(CHH)-2015-8-3] [REFERRED TO]
SONU SARDAR VS. THE UNION OF INDIA & ANR. [LAWS(DLH)-2016-12-4] [REFERRED TO]
IFCI FACTORS LTD. VS. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI [LAWS(DLH)-2014-12-234] [REFERRED TO]
MUKESH AGHI VS. STERIA LTD. AND ORS. [LAWS(DLH)-2016-3-25] [REFERRED TO]
BAHEJ UDDIN AHMED VS. STATE OF ASSAM [LAWS(GAU)-2024-1-59] [REFERRED TO]
GHODAWAT PACKERS LLP VS. UNION OF INDIA, [LAWS(KAR)-2022-9-1508] [REFERRED TO]
VARUN CHOPRA AN INDIAN, HINDU VS. SHYAM SUNDER CHOPRA AND SONS HUF, TRADING AS SHYAM TRADERS [LAWS(KAR)-2024-3-23] [REFERRED TO]
VISVESHWAR BHAT VS. VISHWAMITRA VISHWESHWAR HEGDE [LAWS(KAR)-2023-8-205] [REFERRED TO]
RADHA N. MENON VS. NEESA LEISURE LTD. AND ORS. [LAWS(KER)-2015-6-167] [REFERRED TO]
BINOY K. MATHEW VS. GODLEY DEV JOHN AND ORS. [LAWS(KER)-2015-7-176] [REFERRED TO]
K. REMIL VS. T.P. SASIDHARAN [LAWS(MAD)-2015-2-446] [REFERRED TO]
ESAKI THEVAR VS. MARI [LAWS(MAD)-2015-4-460] [REFERRED]
A. RAJAGOPAL KARUNAN VS. SALIM RAJ AND ORS. [LAWS(KER)-2014-11-237] [REFERRED TO]
SWAROOP MURGOD VS. KAVIL K N [LAWS(KAR)-2018-4-117] [REFERRED TO]
GNANEE BUSINESS CORPORATION VS. AKSHATA MINERALS PVT. LTD. AND ORS. [LAWS(KAR)-2015-2-75] [REFERRED TO]
SOUJANYA PATEL TRUST, VIJAYANAGAR, BANGALORE VS. STATE OF KARNATAKA AND OTHERS [LAWS(KAR)-2017-4-18] [REFERRED TO]
RUBU OPO VS. STATE OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH [LAWS(GAU)-2019-3-123] [REFERRED TO]
KASIAMMAL VS. SECRETARY, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA [LAWS(MAD)-2020-2-531] [REFERRED TO]
SANDIP KUMAR VS. M.K. RAVINDRA KUMAR AND ORS. [LAWS(P&H)-2015-11-205] [REFERRED TO]
ILAKKIA RAJA VS. T.UMAMAHESWARAN [LAWS(MAD)-2020-6-433] [REFERRED TO]
SANTOSH DHIRAJ PATHAK VS. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT BOARD [LAWS(DLH)-2015-3-344] [REFERRED TO]
GOOD LUCK TRADERS VS. STATE AND OTHERS [LAWS(DLH)-2014-12-616] [REFERRED TO]
AJANTA MANUFACTURING PRIVATE LIMITED VS. UNION OF INDIA [LAWS(GJH)-2021-10-1431] [REFERRED TO]
CISCO SYSTEMS CAPITAL (INDIA) PVT. LTD. VS. NEW DELHI TELE TECH PVT. LTD. AND ORS. [LAWS(DLH)-2015-1-313] [REFERRED TO]
VIKAS BAFNA VS. UNION OF INDIA [LAWS(CHH)-2016-7-19] [REFERRED TO]
GOLDEN GRAPHICS VS. ASHOK AGRAWAL [LAWS(CHH)-2014-12-11] [REFERRED TO]
PRAKASH CHAND VS. DEVANS MODERN BREWERIES [LAWS(J&K)-2019-3-106] [REFERRED TO]
NALAM NAGESHWARA RAO & CO. AND ORS. VS. FUNGICIDES INDIA LTD. [LAWS(J&K)-2015-5-40] [REFERRED TO]
SHASHIKANT VALLABHDAS JOSHI VS. STATE OF GUJARAT & 1 [LAWS(GJH)-2016-9-136] [REFERRED]
PEC LTD VS. TRAXPO ENTERPRISES PVT LTD & ORS [LAWS(DLH)-2019-5-161] [REFERRED TO]
MOHINI VERMA VS. STATE OF U.P. AND ORS. [LAWS(ALL)-2015-9-58] [REFERRED TO]
QUEPEM URBAN CO-OP. CREDIT SOCIETY LTD VS. DATTA SHAMBU NAIK [LAWS(BOM)-2022-10-6] [REFERRED TO]
STATE OF MAHARASHTRA VS. OMPRAKASH BABURAO KAMDI [LAWS(BOM)-2021-7-59] [REFERRED TO]
GINZER ININFRASTRUCTURE PVT LTD AND ORS VS. M S AGARWAL FOUNDRIES PVT LTD AND ORS [LAWS(APH)-2017-10-59] [REFERRED TO]
HELCINO ALEIXO FERNANDES VS. MILIND MADHUKAR BHENDE [LAWS(BOM)-2015-8-47] [REFERRED TO]
SANGITA VS. SUKRANT AND ORS. [LAWS(BOM)-2015-1-276] [REFERRED TO]
ADDITIONAL COMMISSIONER OF SALES TAX VAT-III VS. JONSON AND JONSON LTD. AND ORS. [LAWS(BOM)-2014-11-158] [REFERRED TO]
TIMES BUSINESS SOLUTION LIMITED VS. DATABYTE [LAWS(SC)-2014-9-39] [REFERRED TO]
BRIDGESTONE INDIA PVT. LTD. VS. INDERPAL SINGH [LAWS(SC)-2015-11-46] [REFERRED TO]
KAKULAMARRI KALYAN SRINIVASA RAO VS. CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION [LAWS(TLNG)-2022-8-84] [REFERRED TO]
KAIL LIMITED, PREVIOUSLY KNOWN AS KITCHEN APPLIANCES INDIA LTD., REGISTERED OFFICE C VS. MR. JAMEL AKHTAR, S/O ABDUL AZIZ, PROPRIETOR OF M/S. NEW ALPHA ELECTRONICS, CENTRAL BANK BUILDING, GROUND FLOOR, GYALSHING, WEST SIKKIM, RESIDENT OF HOUSE NO.59, VILLAGE AND STREET GYALSHING, P.S. GYALSHING, DISTRICT WEST SIKKIM [LAWS(SIK)-2016-11-1] [REFERRED TO]
MUNESH SHARMA VS. STATE OF RAJASTHAN [LAWS(RAJ)-2022-3-260] [REFERRED TO]
DHANO BAI PARIHAR VS. STATE OF M.P. [LAWS(MPH)-2015-1-15] [REFERRED TO]
KERALA AIDED L.P. & U.P. SCHOOL MANAGERS ASSOCIATION VS. STATE OF KERALA [LAWS(KER)-2015-12-164] [REFERRED TO]
T.S. SURESH BABU VS. P.M. MANZOOR [LAWS(KER)-2014-11-198] [REFERRED TO]
POLY K AYYAMPALLY & ANR VS. A PRADEEP KUMAR & ORS [LAWS(KER)-2015-3-338] [REFERRED TO]
MUHAMMAD SABAH VS. MAHAMMAD ISHAQ [LAWS(KER)-2017-3-413] [REFERRED TO]
INDIRA GANDHI MEMORIAL GENERAL MARKETING SOCIETY LTD. VS. ROYS ABRAHAM [LAWS(KER)-2017-6-102] [REFERRED TO]
HIRAN VENUGOPALAN VS. INDIRA JYOTHI PRASAD [LAWS(KER)-2017-8-176] [REFERRED TO]
KARTHI P CHIDAMBARAM VS. SUPERINTENDENT OF POLICE [LAWS(MAD)-2017-8-205] [REFERRED TO]
MANOJ CHHABRA & OTHERS VS. STATE OF H P AND ANOTHER [LAWS(HPH)-2016-6-261] [REFERRED TO]
GAUTAM INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION PVT LTD VS. STATE OF GUJARAT & 6 [LAWS(GJH)-2016-8-81] [REFERRED]
PARMATMA MISHRA VS. STATE OF JHARKHAND [LAWS(JHAR)-2018-5-180] [REFERRED TO]
SANDEEP KUMAR JAISWAL VS. STATE OF JHARKHAND [LAWS(JHAR)-2023-5-43] [REFERRED TO]
EMILASHA LALOO VS. NISHAN SKHEM BLAH [LAWS(MEGH)-2022-4-17] [REFERRED TO]
SINGH CONSTRUCTION COMPANY VS. GURPAL SINGH [LAWS(P&H)-2019-8-150] [REFERRED TO]
PRANA EDUCATIONAL AND CHARITABLE TRUST VS. STATE OF KERALA [LAWS(KER)-2023-9-189] [REFERRED TO]
UNICORN INDUSTRIES VS. UNION OF INDIA [LAWS(SC)-2019-12-18] [REFERRED TO]
YOGESH UPADHYAY VS. ATLANTA LIMITED [LAWS(SC)-2023-2-50] [REFERRED TO]
V. ELUMALAI VS. A. BHARATHI [LAWS(MAD)-2015-2-21] [REFERRED TO]
V. ELUMALAI VS. A. BHARATHI [LAWS(MAD)-2015-2-21] [REFERRED TO]
SAHIB SINGH VS. STATE OF PUNJAB [LAWS(P&H)-2015-4-310] [REFERRED TO]
KAPIL PURI VS. R S ARORA [LAWS(P&H)-2014-12-466] [REFERRED]
TRIMURTI EXPORTS & ORS VS. MODELAMA EXPORTS LTD [LAWS(DLH)-2015-3-635] [REFERRED]
LAXMI TRADING CORPORATION VS. PEC LTD [LAWS(DLH)-2015-5-355] [REFERRED TO]
MOHD RAIZ (RAIZ AHMED) VS. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI & ORS [LAWS(DLH)-2015-10-528] [REFERRED]
ROHIT SINGHANIA AND OTHER VS. STATE OF CHHATTISGARH AND OTHERS [LAWS(CHH)-2017-9-65] [REFERRED TO]
ANUBHAV DHAM & ANR VS. NCT OF DELHI & ANR [LAWS(DLH)-2019-1-293] [REFERRED TO]
ANIL SHERE VS. CHOYANG HEALTH CARE INDIA PVT LTD [LAWS(DLH)-2018-9-347] [REFERRED TO]
MANA CORPORATION VS. AMALAGIRIS [LAWS(KAR)-2014-12-178] [REFERRED TO]
BIJAY KUMAR JALAN VS. STATE OF ASSAM [LAWS(GAU)-2017-9-42] [REFERRED TO]
MAHENDRA SINGH VS. STATE OF U.P. [LAWS(ALL)-2022-11-160] [REFERRED TO]
LAKSHMI AGENCIES, VIJAYAWADA VS. STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH [LAWS(APH)-2015-6-10] [REFERRED TO]
DILSHAD BEGAM VS. STATE OF U.P. [LAWS(ALL)-2017-6-14] [REFERRED TO]
PRIYA INDORIA VS. STATE OF KARNATAKA [LAWS(SC)-2023-11-33] [REFERRED TO]
T. THIRUMALAI NAMBI VS. GRISHI MANGO PRODUCTS AND EXPORTS TAMIL NADU PVT. LTD. AND ORS. [LAWS(MAD)-2015-3-502] [REFERRED TO]
S. ILANAHAI VS. STATE OF MUMBAI [LAWS(MAD)-2015-1-39] [REFERRED TO]
MOHINDRA ENGINEERING WORKS VS. CHAMKAUR SINGH [LAWS(P&H)-2015-9-439] [REFERRED TO]
PUSHPA BAI VS. BOARD OF REVENUE M P GWALIOR [LAWS(MPH)-2016-4-106] [REFERRED TO]
MAJID KHAN VS. ANITA KALYAN [LAWS(MPH)-2015-7-6] [REFERRED TO]
VIJAY SHUKLA VS. STATE OF MP AND OTHERS [LAWS(MPH)-2018-10-41] [REFERRED TO]
KARAMCHAND HARBANSLAL VS. WESTERN COALFIELDS LIMITED [LAWS(MPH)-2019-6-31] [REFERRED TO]
JAI PAINTS AND VARNISH PVT. LTD. VS. STATE OF M.P. AND ANR. [LAWS(MPH)-2018-7-179] [REFERRED TO]
AJAY KUMAR BISHNOI VS. STATE, REP. BY INSPECTOR OF POLICE [LAWS(MAD)-2021-3-440] [REFERRED TO]
G RAVI VS. SHIVALINGAIAH [LAWS(KAR)-2019-3-308] [REFERRED TO]
TRIUMPH ESTATE PVT. LTD. VS. M. VENKATESH MURTHY [LAWS(KAR)-2014-11-105] [REFERRED TO]
JEYABAL VS. SATHYA ASSISTANT, MUNICIPALITY OFFICE, DINDIGUL [LAWS(MAD)-2018-5-67] [REFERRED TO]
KARTI P CHIDAMBARAM VS. BUREAU OF IMMIGRATION, MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA [LAWS(MAD)-2018-7-569] [REFERRED TO]
BIJU-BABU VS. STATE OF KERALA AND ORS. [LAWS(KER)-2015-12-119] [REFERRED TO]
POLY K. AYYAMPALLY AND ORS. VS. A. PRADEEP KUMAR AND ORS. [LAWS(KER)-2015-4-7] [REFERRED TO]
SREE GOKULAM CHIT AND FINANCE CO. (PVT) LTD. VS. JUDY M JOSE AND ANOTHER [LAWS(KER)-2017-8-260] [REFERRED TO]
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P.N. RAMAN VS. K. ABDUL RAHIMAN [LAWS(KER)-2017-6-91] [REFERRED TO]
BRIGHT GLASS TRADERS VS. T.M.HARDWARES [LAWS(KER)-2017-5-69] [REFERRED TO]
BABU T. R. VS. JAYAPALAN [LAWS(KER)-2017-6-71] [REFERRED TO]
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RAHUL GUPTA VS. STATE [LAWS(DLH)-2019-11-342] [REFERRED TO]
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ADITYA PROMOTERS LTD. VS. S. KARTHIKEYAN [LAWS(DLH)-2014-12-329] [REFERRED TO]
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P. NARASIMHA VS. STATE OF A. P. [LAWS(TLNG)-2019-2-43] [REFERRED TO]
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SUKHPAL SINGH VS. JIT SINGH [LAWS(P&H)-2024-1-3] [REFERRED TO]
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JUDGEMENT

- (1.)Leave granted in Special Leave Petitions. These Appeals raise a legal nodus of substantial public importance pertaining to Court's territorial jurisdiction concerning criminal complaints filed under Chapter XVII of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (for short, 'the NI Act').
This is amply adumbrated by the Orders dated 3.11.2009 in I.A.No.1 in CC 15974/2009 of the three- Judge Bench presided over by the then Hon'ble the Chief Justice of India, Hon'ble Mr. Justice V.S. Sirpurkar and Hon'ble Mr. Justice P. Sathasivam which SLP is also concerned with the interpretation of Section 138 of the NI Act, and wherein the Bench after issuing notice on the petition directed that it be posted before the three-Judge Bench.

PRECEDENTS

(2.)The earliest and the most often quoted decision of this Court relevant to the present conundrum is K. Bhaskaran v. Sankaran Vaidhyan Balan, 1999 7 SCC 510 wherein a two-Judge Bench has, inter alia, interpreted Section 138 of the NI Act to indicate that, "the offence under Section 138 can be completed only with the concatenation of a number of acts. Following are the acts which are components of the said offence: (1) Drawing of the cheque, (2) Presentation of the cheque to the bank, (3) Returning the cheque unpaid by the drawee bank, (4) Giving notice in writing to the drawer of the cheque demanding payment of the cheque amount, (5) Failure of the drawer to make payment within 15 days of the receipt of the notice." The provisions of Sections 177 to 179 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (for short, 'CrPC') have also been dealt with in detail. Furthermore, Bhaskaran in terms draws a distinction between 'giving of notice' and 'receiving of notice'. This is for the reason that clause (b) of proviso to Section 138 of the NI Act postulates a demand being made by the payee or the holder in due course of the dishonoured cheque by giving a notice in writing to the drawer thereof.
While doing so, the question of the receipt of the notice has also been cogitated upon.

(3.)The issuance and the receipt of the notice is significant because in a subsequent judgment of a Coordinate Bench, namely, Harman Electronics Pvt. Ltd. v. National Panasonic India Pvt. Ltd., 2009 1 SCC 720 emphasis has been laid on the receipt of the notice, inter alia, holding that the cause of action cannot arise by any act of omission or commission on the part of the 'accused', which on a holistic reading has to be read as 'complainant'.
It appears that Harman transacted business out of Chandigarh only, where the Complainant also maintained an office, although its Head Office was in Delhi. Harman issued the cheque to the Complainant at Chandigarh; Harman had its bank account in Chandigarh alone. It is unclear where the Complainant presented the cheque for encashment but it issued the Section 138 notice from Delhi. In those circumstances, this Court had observed that the only question for consideration was "whether sending of notice from Delhi itself would give rise to a cause of action for taking cognizance under the NI Act." It then went on to opine that the proviso to this Section "imposes certain further conditions which are required to be fulfilled before cognizance of the offence can be taken." We respectfully agree with this statement of law and underscore that in criminal jurisprudence there is a discernibly demarcated difference between the commission of an offence and its cognizance leading to prosecution. The Harman approach is significant and sounds a discordant note to the Bhaskaran ratio. Harman also highlights the reality that Section 138 of the NI Act is being rampantly misused so far as territorial jurisdiction for trial of the Complaint is concerned. With the passage of time equities have therefore transferred from one end of the pendulum to the other. It is now not uncommon for the Courts to encounter the issuance of a notice in compliance with clause (b) of the proviso to Section 138 of the NI Act from a situs which bears no connection with the Accused or with any facet of the transaction between the parties, leave aside the place where the dishonour of the cheque has taken place. This is also the position as regards the presentation of the cheque, dishonour of which is then pleaded as the territorial platform of the Complaint under Section 138 of the NI Act. Harman, in fact, duly heeds the absurd and stressful situation, fast becoming common-place where several cheques signed by the same drawer are presented for encashment and requisite notices of demand are also despatched from different places. It appears to us that justifiably so at that time, the conclusion in Bhaskaran was influenced in large measure by curial compassion towards the unpaid payee/holder, whereas with the passage of two decades the manipulative abuse of territorial jurisdiction has become a recurring and piquant factor. The liberal approach preferred in Bhaskaran now calls for a stricter interpretation of the statute, precisely because of its misemployment so far as choice of place of suing is concerned. These are the circumstances which have propelled us to minutely consider the decisions rendered by two-Judge Benches of this Court.



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